Every factual claim on this site is linked to a primary source. This page collects the full library, organized by category.
Safety alert detailing risks of compounded and unapproved semaglutide and tirzepatide products, including dosing errors, sterility failures, and unknown ingredients.
July 2024. Alert regarding dosing errors with compounded semaglutide products, including confusion between milligram and unit measurements leading to overdoses.
55+ warning letters to companies selling compounded and unapproved GLP-1 receptor agonists. Cited marketing of unapproved new drugs and failure to register as manufacturers.
Approximately 30 additional warning letters targeting telehealth companies continuing to prescribe compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide after shortage resolution.
FDA import alert authorizing detention without physical examination of unapproved drugs, including peptides, shipped from foreign sources.
Peer-reviewed purity study of gray-market semaglutide and tirzepatide samples. Found actual purity as low as 7.7% (labeled 99%). Endotoxin detected in 100% of samples tested. The foundational study for this investigation.
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. Case series documenting adverse events reported to poison control centers related to compounded and research-grade GLP-1 peptides, including dosing errors and unexpected reactions.
Study investigating association between GLP-1 receptor agonist use and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Relevant to both branded and compounded formulations.
Department of Justice press release. Compounding pharmacy pleaded guilty to charges related to the production and distribution of unapproved drug products, including GLP-1 peptides.
Federal prosecution of physician for prescribing and distributing unapproved compounded GLP-1 medications outside the bounds of legitimate medical practice.
Federal criminal case against the operators of Paradigm Peptides for introducing unapproved new drugs into interstate commerce. Resulted in guilty plea.
US Customs and Border Protection seizure reports documenting interception of undeclared peptide shipments at the Cincinnati international mail facility, a primary entry point for Chinese-origin research chemicals.
Multi-part investigative series documenting the gray-market GLP-1 supply chain, from Chinese API manufacturers to US consumers. Includes undercover purchases and lab testing.
Investigation into a Bay Area-based peptide reseller sourcing directly from Chinese manufacturers, detailing the import pipeline, pricing structure, and customer base.
Ongoing coverage of GLP-1 regulatory landscape, compounding pharmacy litigation, and FDA enforcement actions. STAT’s pharma reporting team has provided some of the earliest and most detailed coverage of the compounding controversy.
Additional reporting on GLP-1 safety, pricing, and the compounding pharmacy debate. Cross-referenced against primary source documents where cited in our investigations.
Non-profit organization tracking counterfeit and substandard drug distribution. Published data on customs interception rates for illegal peptide imports, including the 82% evasion rate cited in our reporting.
National Association of Boards of Pharmacy annual report on rogue online pharmacies. Tracks the scope of illegal online drug sales and identifies common tactics used by unlicensed sellers.
Independent analytical testing service that has published data on gray-market peptide purity, identifying discrepancies between vendor-claimed and actual purity levels.
Third-party analytical laboratory frequently used by the research chemical community for independent purity testing. Results from Janoshik have been cited in both community forums and peer-reviewed research.
This page lists the primary categories of sources used across Know Your Vial. Individual investigations and evidence pages link directly to specific sources inline. If you identify a factual error or a source that has been updated, retracted, or corrected, we want to know. Accuracy is the only currency investigative journalism has.